JavaScript
var mywindow = window.open('some url');
mywindow.document.getElementById('textbox id').value = 'blah';
You may need to use something like wiindow.setTimeout() prior to executing the code to wait for the load of the child window in all browsers. IE doesn't support certain events in this scenario. JQuery might be an option for you.
This is actually much easier to do if the child window could "pull" the data from the parent window instead. You'd use the window.opener object in JavaScript in the child window to get a reference to document objects in the parent window.
This old article shows some examples of doing this sort of thing:
http://www.eggheadcafe.com/articles/20030627a.asp